Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Thu, 9 May 91 01:37:32 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Thu, 9 May 91 01:37:27 -0400 (EDT) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #509 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 509 Today's Topics: Re: Laser launchers &c. (was Re: SPACE Digest V13 #444) Shuttle orbital coordinates Re: Saturn V and Design Reuse: Saturn VI? (RBB: Real Big Booster) Re: Terraforming Mars? Why not Venus? SOLAR TERRESTRIAL FORECAST AND REVIEW Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 2 May 91 03:24:19 GMT From: olivea!samsung!dali.cs.montana.edu!rpi!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utzoo!henry@apple.com (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: Laser launchers &c. (was Re: SPACE Digest V13 #444) In article <41332@fmsrl7.UUCP> wreck@fmsrl7.UUCP (Ron Carter) writes: >Would you care to check my bookshelf for references? BTW, the >proceedings of the first AIAA conference on tethers in space >are most interesting and enlightening. Lay your hands on a copy. While he's at it, he might find the proceedings of the SDIO/DARPA Workshop on Laser Propulsion (LLNL, 1986) likewise interesting and enlightening, although possibly somewhat depressing because everyone in it is talking confidently about something he is sure is impossible. -- And the bean-counter replied, | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology "beans are more important". | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 2 May 91 03:09:15 GMT From: bywater!scifi!paladin!nick@uunet.uu.net (Carmine Nicoletta) Subject: Shuttle orbital coordinates Can someone send me the orbital parameters/coordinates of the present shuttle mission. I understand it may be visible in our area, and would like to know where to look. Thanks. Carmine ------------------------------ Date: 2 May 91 03:29:58 GMT From: zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!rpi!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utzoo!henry@uunet.uu.net (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: Saturn V and Design Reuse: Saturn VI? (RBB: Real Big Booster) In article <1074@igor.Rational.COM> wab@rutabaga.Rational.COM (Bill Baker) writes: >The only serious creeping feature I think should be included is using >hydrogen instead of kerosene for fuel. I know this is a big >difference but we have to stop thinking of rocket launches as special >cases with regard to pollution... Alas, hydrogen is a big difference in a lot of ways, most of them bad. As for pollution, I fully agree, we should stop treating rocket launches as special cases. Compute the tonnage of hydrocarbons burned in, say, Florida every day, and then explain why the insignificant content of a Saturn V is somehow considered to be such a *special case* that drastic changes are needed before it can be allowed to fly. -- And the bean-counter replied, | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology "beans are more important". | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 2 May 91 15:42:17 GMT From: mcsun!ukc!cam-eng!dscy@uunet.uu.net (D.S.C. Yap) Subject: Re: Terraforming Mars? Why not Venus? There was a paper written a few years ago on terraforming venus, it was published in the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. Though, I can't remember the details (ie. volume, page number), if you are in Cambridge, you can go to the university library and look in the stacks, there is a slip of paper in the bound volume that contains the article; I was meaning to photocopy a paper in the same volume about a solar sail mission to Mercury - never got around to it :-) For some reason 1984 comes to mind; I hope that helps. The reason I remember the paper was because it stated how much energy would be required (lots!) and how long it would take, roughly 10^5 years! Cheers, Davin -- .oO tuohtiw esoht fo noitanigami eht ot gnihton evael Oo. Davin Yap, University Engineering Department, Cambridge, England --> dscy@eng.cam.ac.uk <-- ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 2 May 91 19:10:16 MDT From: oler <@BITNET.CC.CMU.EDU:oler@HG.ULeth.CA> (CARY OLER) Subject: SOLAR TERRESTRIAL FORECAST AND REVIEW X-St-Vmsmail-To: st%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" --- SOLAR TERRESTRIAL FORECAST AND REVIEW --- May 02 to May 11, 1991 Report Based In-Part from Data Obtained from the Space Environment Services Center Boulder Colorado -------- SOLAR TERRESTRIAL REVIEW FOR 25 APRIL TO 01 MAY Solar activity over the last week has been mostly low. Only a single low-level M-class flare was observed on 28 April. Aside from that, most of the flare activity has been confined to C-class x-ray levels. Sunspot configurations have been very simple and sunspot numbers have remained abnormally low in comparison to the last several months. This would seem to support the models which suggest a decrease in solar activity has already begun for the summer months. Perhaps of more notable interest were the coronal holes which produced a major geomagnetic storm during the week. The storm was a gradual commencement type and lasted from approximately 28 April until 30 April, with sporadic brief bursts of minor storming observed since then. Activity increased to unsettled to active levels on 27 April, with a gradual and steady intensification in geomagnetic activity being observed on 28 April. Minor storm level thresholds were surpassed on 28 April. Early in the UT day of 29 April, rapid storm intensification occurred with major to severe geomagnetic storming being observed over the middle to high latitudes throughout much of that UT day. The preliminary peak planetary A-index value for 29 April was 54. Activity then began a slow decline to more stable conditions on 30 April. Conditions are presently (as of 02 May) active to very active over the middle latitudes with some low-level minor storming over the high latitude regions. Auroral activity was quite active this week. Activity peaked on 29 April, reaching moderate to high levels over the northerly middle and high latitude regions. Lunar phase severely inhibited attempts to view auroral activity this week. On 01 and 02 May, during good viewing windows when the moon was still below the horizon, auroral activity was seen much more clearly. But by this time, activity had declined to more diffuse and dormant patterns over the northerly middle latitudes. Some periods of moderate activity were observed over these areas, while high latitudes maintained moderate to high auroral activity throughout the period. HF propagation conditions were degraded this week, particularly on 29 April during the period of major geomagnetic storming. Significant amounts of auroral flutter, as well as increased absorption and noise were observed over high and middle latitudes, particularly during the local evening hours and shortly before sunrise. Conditions have not yet returned to normal, although improvements have been noticed since 29 April. Daytime propagation conditions have been good to fair over most areas (except over the high and polar latitudes). VHF propagation conditions were better than normal over many areas this week. Some localized sporadic-E and VHF auroral backscatter conditions were sufficient to provide periodic DX conditions for VHF communicators. Conditions seemed to peak on 29 April, when conditions were sufficient to provide widespread opportunities for VHF backscatter communications over the high and middle latitudes. Some long-distance hemispheric equatorial communications were also reported this week between southerly middle and low latitude regions. SHORT TERM SOLAR TERRESTRIAL FORECAST Solar activity is expected to be low to moderate over the next week. This week should bring increased solar activity and higher solar indices. In particular, there is a good possibility that the return of old Region 6580 will increase M-class flare activity and solar indices. Region 6580 is expected to return between 03 and 05 May. It was experiencing rapid growth as it departed from the western limb two weeks ago and may have matured into a fairly active region. In addition, old Region 6583 is due to return between 06 and 08 May and should increase solar indices further. However, this region was decaying as it departed from the western limb several weeks ago and hence may not return as a very impressive region. Geomagnetic activity is expected to become generally unsettled by 04 May as the activity associated with the late-April geomagnetic storm ends. Activity should remain generally unsettled to quiet after 05 May. Auroral activity will decline in tandem with geomagnetic activity and should become fairly dormant over the middle latitudes by 05 May. Higher latitudes will likely continue to witness periods of low (and possibly isolated periods of moderate) activity after the effects from the present activity die out. HF propagation conditions are expected to improve as geomagnetic and auroral activity wane. This, together with expected increases in solar indices, should provide enhanced propagation conditions and increased stability over most paths. However, there is also an increased risk for periodic SIDs/SWFs accompanying possible M-class flaring from the returning regions which may destabilize daytime HF propagation conditions slightly. VHF propagation conditions should return to near normal after 05 May. VHF auroral backscatter should diminish by then, although periodic enhancements provided by sporadic-E may still provide occassional openings for DX on the VHF bands. SUMMARY OF ALL ACTIVE REGIONS VISIBLE ON THE SOLAR DISK AS OF 02 MAY Region # Location LO Area Class LL Spots Magnetic Type -------- -------- --- ---- ----- -- ----- ------------- 6604 S23W24 062 0030 BXO 03 004 BETA 6605 N08E02 036 0690 EAO 13 024 BETA 6607 S40W30 068 0030 BXO 06 003 BETA 6608 S21E12 026 0330 HSX 02 002 ALPHA 6611 S05E22 016 0150 HSX 01 001 ALPHA 6612 S27W49 087 0390 CAO 09 008 BETA 6615 S13E50 348 0480 EAO 11 017 BETA GAMMA NOTES: Area is in million square kilometers. Angular extent (LL) and solar longitude (LO) are in degrees. For more information regarding the terminology used above, request the Glossary of Solar Terrestrial Terms from: "oler@hg.uleth.ca". H-ALPHA PLAGES WITHOUT SPOTS. LOCATIONS VALID AS OF 00:00 UT ON 02 MAY REGION LOCATION LO COMMENTS (IF ANY) ------ -------- --- ------------------------------- 6606 N09W84 122 NONE 6609 S10W83 121 6610 S14E07 031 6613 S14W26 064 6614 S16W13 051 ACTIVE REGIONS DUE TO RETURN BETWEEN 02 MAY AND 04 MAY Region Latitude Longitude (Helio.) ------ -------- --------- 6580 N29 284 NOTES: For definitions regarding the above, request the "Glossary of Solar Terrestrial Terms" from "oler@hg.uleth.ca". GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF RECENT PLANETARY (GLOBAL) GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY Cumulative Geomagnetic Activity History Peak Planetary Geomagnetic Activity during the past 96 hours ____________________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY SEVERE | | | | | HIGH | | VERY SEVERE STORM | | | | | HIGH | | SEVERE STORM | | | | | MODERATE | | MAJOR STORM | |* * | | | LOW - MOD. | | MINOR STORM |* * |****** |*** | | LOW | | VERY ACTIVE |*** ****|********|******* |** ** *| NONE | | ACTIVE |********|********|********|********| NONE | | UNSETTLED |********|********|********|********| NONE | | QUIET |********|********|********|********| NONE | | VERY QUIET |********|********|********|********| NONE | |-------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|------------| | Geomagnetic Field | Sun. | Mon. | Tue. | Wed. | Anomaly | | Conditions | Given in 3-hourly UT intervals | Intensity | |____________________________________________________________________| NOTES: The data above represents preliminary planetary geomagnetic activity. Data from many magnetic observatories around the world are used in constructing the above chart. The first graph line for each day represents geomagnetic activity which occurred between 00 UT and 03 UT. The second graph line represents activity which occurred between 03 UT and 06 UT, etc. For information regarding the interpretation and/or use of these charts, send a request for the document "Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports" to: oler@hg.uleth.ca. PLANETARY 10-DAY GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY OUTLOOK (02 MAY - 11 MAY) ________________________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY SEVERE | | | | | | | | | | | HIGH | | VERY SEVERE STORM | | | | | | | | | | | HIGH | | SEVERE STORM | | | | | | | | | | | MODERATE | | MAJOR STORM | | | | | | | | | | | LOW - MOD. | | MINOR STORM | | | | | | | | | | | LOW | | VERY ACTIVE | | | | | | | | | | | NONE | | ACTIVE |***|** | * | | | | | | | | NONE | | UNSETTLED |***|***|***|***|***| * | * | * | * | * | NONE | | QUIET |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| NONE | | VERY QUIET |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| NONE | |-------------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|------------| | Geomagnetic Field |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| Anomaly | | Conditions | Given in 8-hour intervals | Intensity | |________________________________________________________________________| CONFIDENCE LEVEL: 75% NOTES: Predicted geomagnetic activity is based heavily on recurrent phenomena. Transient energetic solar events cannot be predicted reliably over periods in excess of several days. Hence, there may be some deviations from the predictions due to the unpredictable transient solar component. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY OVER THE PAST 60 DAYS Cumulative Graphical Analysis of Solar Activity ____________________________________________________________ 275| F | HIGH 264| F *F* | HIGH 253| F FF F * * *F* | HIGH 243| F*FFFFFFF * ***F** | Moderate 232| F FF*FFFFFFFF*F F***F*** | Moderate 221| F **FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF *F***F****F | Moderate 210|*FF FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF *F***F****F | Moderate 200|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF* **F***F****F | Moderate 189|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F***** **F***F****F | Low 178|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F* | Low 167|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F* | Low 157|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F** ****| Low 146|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F*** ****| Low 135|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F***********| Low 125|*FF*FF***FFF*FFFFFFFF*FF**F*F*F********F***F****F***********| Very Low ------------------------------------------------------------ Cumulative 60 day Solar Activity Record Start Date: March 3, 1991 NOTES: Left-hand column digits represent the 10.7 cm solar radio flux obtained from Ottawa. The right-hand column describes the relative solar activity for that period based on the average number of major and minor flares that can be expected for related solar flux values. Plot lines labeled with the letter "F" represent days where at least one major flare occurred (ie. class M5 or greater flare). GRAPHICAL 20-DAY SOLAR ACTIVITY PREDICTION Solar Activity _________________________________________________________________ | 233 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 227 | | | | | | | | | | |**|**|**|**| | | | | | | | 221 | | | | | | | | |**|**| | | | |**| | | | | | | 215 | | | | | | |**|**| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 209 | | | | | |**| | | | | | | | | |**| | | | | | 203 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 197 | | | | |**| | | | | | | | | | | |**| | | | | 191 | | | |**| | | | | | | | | | | | | |**| | | | 185 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 179 | | |**| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |**| | | 173 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |**| | 161 | |**| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 155 |**| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |-----|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--| |Solar|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21| |Flux | May | ----------------------------------------------------------------- CONFIDENCE LEVEL: 65% HF RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS (02 MAY - 11 MAY) High Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | FAIR | | | *| *|* *|* *|***|***|***|***| ------- | POOR |***|***|** |** | * | * | | | | | 75% | VERY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- Middle Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD | | | | | | *|* *| *|* *|* *| CONFIDENCE | GOOD | *| *|* *|***|***|** | * |** | * | * | LEVEL | FAIR |** |** | * | | | | | | | | ------- | POOR | | | | | | | | | | | 75% | VERY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- Low Latitude Paths ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY GOOD | | | | | | | | | | | | VERY GOOD | | | | | *|* *|* *| *|* *|* *| CONFIDENCE | GOOD |* *|* *|***|***|** | * | * |** | * | * | LEVEL | FAIR | * | * | | | | | | | | | ------- | POOR | | | | | | | | | | | 75% | VERY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | | EXTREMELY POOR | | | | | | | | | | | |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | PROPAGATION |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | QUALITY | Given in 8-Hour UT Intervals | -------------------------------------------------------- NOTES: NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE High latitudes >= 55 deg. N. | High latitudes >= 55 deg. S. Middle latitudes >= 40 < 55 deg. N. | Middle latitudes >= 35 < 55 deg. S. Low latitudes < 40 deg. N. | Low latitudes < 35 deg. S. POTENTIAL VHF DX PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS (02 MAY - 11 MAY) INCLUDES SID AND AURORAL BACKSCATTER ENHANCEMENT PREDICTIONS HIGH LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| | | | | | | | | | | 20%| | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL| * | **| **|***|***|***|***| **|***|***| 40%| | | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM|* *|* |* | | | | |* | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | VERY POOR| | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | 60% | | | | | | | | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | 40% |* |* | | | | | | | | | 40%|*|*| | | | | | | | | | 20% |* *|* *|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 20%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| MIDDLE LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| | | | | | | | | | | 20%| | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 40%| | | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM| | | | | | | | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | VERY POOR| | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | 60% | | | | | | | | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | 40% | | | | | | | * | * | * | * | 40%| | | | | | | | | | | | 20% |***|** | * | **| **| **| **| **| **| **| 20%|*|*|*| | | | |*| | | | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| LOW LATITUDES __________________________________________________ ___________________ | SIGNAL | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | | SID ENHANCEMENT | | QUALITY |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| |__________|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| | VERY GOOD| | | | | | | | | | | 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |ABOVE NORM| | | | | | | | | | | 20%| | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| | NORMAL|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 40%| | | |*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |BELOW NORM| | | | | | | | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | VERY POOR| | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | BLACKOUT| | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | |==========|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===|===| |-------------------| | 100% | | | | | | | | | | |100%| | | | | | | | | | | | 80% | | | | | | | | | | | 80%| | | | | | | | | | | | 60% | | | | | | | | | | | 60%| | | | | | | | | | | | 40% | | | | | | | * | * | * | * | 40%| | | | | | | | | | | | 20% | * | * | **| **| **| **| **| **| **| **| 20%| | | | | | | | | | | | 0% |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| 0%|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*|*| |----------+---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |CHANCE OF |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| |T|F|S|S|M|T|W|T|F|S| | VHF DX | Given in 8 hour local time intervals | |AURORAL BACKSCATTER| |__________|_______________________________________| |___________________| NOTES: These VHF DX prediction charts are defined for the 50 MHz to 220 MHz bands. They are based primarily on phenomena which can affect VHF DX propagation globally. They should be used only as a guide to potential DX conditions on VHF bands. Latitudinal boundaries are the same as those for the HF predictions charts. For more information, request the document "Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports" from: "oler@hg.uleth.ca". AURORAL ACTIVITY PREDICTIONS (02 MAY - 11 MAY) High Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | ------- | MODERATE |***|***| * | | | | | | | | 75% | LOW |***|***|***|***|***| * | * | * | * | * | | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- Middle Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | ------- | MODERATE | * | | | | | | | | | | 80% | LOW |***|***| * | | | | | | | | | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- Low Latitude Locations ________________________________________________________ | EXTREMELY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIDENCE | VERY HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | LEVEL | HIGH | | | | | | | | | | | ------- | MODERATE | | | | | | | | | | | 95% | LOW | | | | | | | | | | | | NOT VISIBLE |***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***|***| |----------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | AURORAL |Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat| | INTENSITY | Eve.Twilight/Midnight/Morn.Twilight | -------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: For more information regarding these charts, send a request for the document, "Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports" to: oler@hg.uleth.ca. ** End of Report ** ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #509 *******************